ActionResearchImprovingSchoolsandEmpoweringEducators6th.pdf

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P eface

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Pa One Wha I Ac ion Re ea ch?

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Re ea ch

C a 1 O a

A b c d a a a d ca a a c a d
c a ac c .

O a d d ab Ed ca a R a c , c
b a c : T ad a Ed ca a R a c a d
Ac R a c .

43

T ad a Ed ca R a c a d Ac R a c b a c
a d b . T d c d a b :

Ed ca a R a c
T ad a Ed ca a R a c

S a c c d
Q a a ( d c ) a a (d d c )

d
N a a a c
d
M d- d a c d

Ac R a c
A c ac
Va d ac a c
I a c :

C c ac c
I d ca a ac c
C c c
T ac
P a
S c a c ad cac

A ca :
Id b
D a d
P c ac d ca
I – c a

Ac ion Re ea ch Ca e S d 1: M a a d
E a S d R c S c a S c
Wha I Ac ion Re ea ch?

I d c Ed ca a R a c
O Ed ca a R a c
O Ac R a c
A B H Ac R a c
M d Ac R a c
C a ac c Ac R a c : W a I I a d W a
I I N
T Ac R a c

The Impo ance of Ac ion Re ea ch
C c T P ac c
I Ed ca a P ac c
C c Sc I
T ac E a d I c a E a

44

P a G
S c a J c Ad cac

Applica ion of Ac ion Re ea ch
Id P b
D a d T S
P c T ac Ed ca
I -S c P a G

Rigo in Ac ion Re ea ch
S mma

➤ Q e ion and Ac i i ie
➤ Ke Te m
➤ S den S d Si e

Cond c ing Ac ion Re ea ch
➤ Ac ion Re ea ch Ca e S d 2: I
R ad C a T I P a
➤ Ac ion Re ea ch Ca e S d 3: C c a
U d a d M a d M
➤ Ac ion Re ea ch Checkli

45

Ac ion Re ea ch Ca e S d 1
Mo i a ion and Engagemen fo S den

Recei ing Special Se ice

46

Foc ing on S den S cce
T – ad ac a S P E a , a a PK 6
c , ad b a c a a a . K a,

K , a d J ad d a d c ab a d
cca d a c . Eac ac

d a ad a d a c d d d ca . T a a
c d d J d , c a c ac , a d Sa a , a c a c

a d , b d d c a c d
d a d ad d d a d d ca

a (IEP ). Eac – ad c a a S P
ad d IEP a d c d

c a c a c J d a d Sa a . D 30-
, ac d ad a c d d

a c a a d d a J d a d Sa a .
D , J d a d Sa a d d d a d

d a d c a , ad , a d/ c a . F
a a , d ad d d

add a c a d d , a c d
cc a a .

H , a ac ad, a a , d
c a cc d c c a c

c a . T b a a ac ad
c d a a d d d a a c a
c d d d d a d J d a d Sa a . A
ad c d c , d d d a a

c a a a a
c a d . T c d

c a c a , c c a d a ca
Sa a c a , d d

. T a d d ac cc
ac – ad c a . E K a, K , a d J

d d d a a , d, a a
a a d a a d a . O c d d a
a c a c , d ca
a d a c d a
. T d ad b a a
d d a a c a a , a d ac

b c a , a c
c d a c a a b

ac c a a .

A d a c a , a d ca d c a b
a a a a ac – ad d

47

c d c a c c ab a
c a . K a, K , a d J a ad d d ac a c

c a a ad a c a . D d c ,
d c d d a , c d d a a a c a d
d a a d a d c a

, c d ac a c c a
c a – d d d a a a ,

d d ac a d cc .

48

Q e ion o Think Abo :
W a a a b a d ca
ac ?
I a a ( ) a a b ?
C d ad a a c d b d add

b ?
F a a c d ac a c b a a

c d ca ?
I a a d a ac a c a b
a a a ca ac a c ?

R a c ab a . W a a c
d a d research? F a ,

d a c ab a c a
c a c a a , b , ac ,
a d ac . T c a c , c d
a a a a c ac ac a

a . T d a a c ( , a
a ab c a !) b a , a , a d B

b , c ca d a
d . O a d ca

a c a a d c a
b c a c d a . O a ,

a d, a c a a
a a c c .

F , a c a b c d c d a b
a c a d ca c d d a

c d c a c d . Ad d , c a c c
b c d c d b a , c a a

ab . H , a d a c b c d c d b
prac i ioners a d ca a d a no

a c d . T c c c d c d c
a c a a d a

a da a a c , b
d c a a . I ac -ba d

a c a ac ion research c c
b .

49

Wha I Ac ion Re ea ch?
O a d cad , ac a c a b ca
a ac , ad a , a d c a a d
c (M , 2011). Ed ca a a a a

b ac d a a a c d c a c a
a a ab a a d a b ab a a

a a d a d a a d d c a ca . B
a is ac a c ? W a d ? W a d

acc ?

Ac ion e ea ch d d a a a c c d c d
b ac , ad a , c , a d

ac a d a c
a a ab a c a

c a , ac , a d d a
(M , 2011). M a , ac a c c a ac d a

a c a d b ac . I a
a c ac c (J , 2008). Ac

a c a ac d c a
a , c a d , d , a d

a d b d a d a d
b ab a c . I c

c ca c a ac c a
a ac c d ac b

a . T , , c a d a d c
ac (Pa & B , 2002). T ba c c

c d c ac a c c :

1. Id a a a c
2. C c da a
3. A a a d da a
4. D a a ac (M , 2011)

Y a c ab c ac a c
a c a a d C a 2.

50

In od c ion o Ed ca ional Re ea ch
F c a ac a a , a a

, c d ca a a c a
a a ba c d a d a d c c
a d a c . R a c a
a b c a b a .

Q a c a a da , b
a a a . A a a a a

d a a , a a c a
d c a . Y d

a a a , b ac
a a , d a ad a a

c ? Ca a d c da ? D
a c ?

A a a a c
a ; , a a d

a a c a b . C d
c a : Y a a d , A ,

a c a a a a d ad . Y a ac a
c a a d a ab d a a

a A . S d a a a a
a d d , b a

A . I add , a a d b d
a a , b d a a

c a a d , a d d a
a a ab b c a A ad .
B d d a a ?

M a d C a (2011) a a c
c a a a c a d

c a c ab ; , c a
a b a b . T c
a c d ad , a , a d c .

T adi ion a c a b a d a .
I a a d a a ac

da , b a a . I add , a b
a b a d a db .

51

A ho i ,
a a b . H , d

a a ab a
c a a d c a a

a . I ac , ca a a a a a
d a a c , c
d a d c a b . F a ,

common en e a a a a ba
a . W a a a
ba c a , a

d dab a . I a a c c d
a c d c b a da d a

acc ac , c d c c a
d c c .

T a b a a c a
a a a d c d ab a . T
a b ca a ba d ad , a , a d

c a a b a d d .
T b a cc a b ca a a c c d

a a c a d b c a . I d
a b acc a a d a ,

b a a a b a d a d ab . T b
acc d b c c d. T cien ific
me hod a c c a d a a d

b . Y a ca c c d a
c c c c a a

b d c c c a c . W a
a c c d c a a a a

a c, -b – c d . I 1938,
A ca a d d ca J D d c b d
c c d a a c d b c

(M & C a , 2011). H d c d a a
:

1. C a a b .
2. S a a (a b a ).
3. C c , a a , a d a a d

, c a a .
4. F c c d d a a .

52

5. U c c c .

I d b ad a a a a c a d
a a c d ac . F

a , d a b c a a
a a . A a a c d c d c

c d ac a d c b d ab , d a
a c . C c , a a , a d
a (S 3) a a d a c . I

a d c a a a
a a .

H , , c c d a d a c b ad
d d ca ? T a a d a a b
. S , ed ca ional e ea ch a ca
c c d d ca a c , a,

a c a . Ed ca a a c ca
ca d a :

1. S c c ab c a c c .
2. C a c c b c a c c .
3. F a a c a d/ c c

a b .
4. Ca c d b c da a (a a a

a ) a c c d, a a d, a d d.
5. S a d d d a a da a a a .
6. D a c c a d a a c

a d/ . (M & C a , 2011)

N a b D c c
d a d d c d c d ca a a c . T

a c a c b . I ca ,
a b a ac c d a a

cc a a a d , d a a
c d.

J (2008) a d a , a c a c
a a a a c , b a a
d c b c c a d d c c . Sc c

c c d c d a
( ca c c d da a) d b . I

53

d , da a a c c d a d a a d d
d a b d:

c (da a) ⟶ d ⟶ b

A a c c T d I a a
Ma a c a d Sc c S d ( TIMSS). TIMSS d

A ca d ca a c d ab a d
da a a a c a d c c ac

d c a d a d c . S c
1995, TIMSS a d d d da a d a a c
a d c c ac a a a c .
TIMSS a da d d ac , ad d a d
c d d ca a , a a c c d

da a. T a a c , , a d d
a c a . W a a d c c

a da d a a d b c c a d a c
d .

I c a , d c c b d c d
a . O b a b a d da a

a b (J , 2008):

b ⟶ d ⟶ c

P d c c d a a a b c a
d c b d d a a a

d a a d a , d , d c a b
c . C a , a ac a c,

b c ; d c c d. T ,
c c , a d a c .

54

O e ie of Ed ca ional Re ea ch
T ad a a c d ca ca c d c d b

a c a a d
a d . T a a a c d

a c d a d d a b
a a a a d , , a

c a d a d (Sc c , 1997).
T a ac b d ac a a c ,

a a c . F , ad a a c
a a a a d d a

b c a . T a a ad a d ca a
a c a d a d d ca a ,

, a d c (Ga & A a a , 2000, . 24). I
ad a a c , d a c d c c

c d d c c a d a a da a d d
a a . T a a c d d

b b ad ca a a a ac a d
a a a ac ba d d a ab

b d a d a a c a
(McM a , 2004). G a a , a a a c

d c c a d a a ca
da a ( . ., c , a , a d ca ); a a

a c d c a c c a d a a
a a da a ( . ., b a , a c ,

a ).

Q a a a c d a d d c a ac
a a d a a c

. Ded c i e ea oning a
c c, a -d a (T c , 2002a). A

d c d F 1.1, a a a c b b
a ab a c .

T a c d b a d d c c
a c d b d. T c a d

da a a c c d d add
. F a , da a a a a d, a d c c ab

55

a d a a a c a ( )
a .

O a d, a a a c d ca a
d c a ac a . Ind c i e ea oning

ac d c c a d d d c
a . U a b – a ac ( F 1.2),
d c a b c c b a a d

c c d b ad a a a d (T c ,
2002a). O b c c b a (da a), a

a da a, a a
, a d a d a c c a d

. I a a , ca ,
a a a c a a da a d

. Ra , ca , a
b d a c d c a

a c a b d d. Y ad ab
d d c a d d c a , a a da a a a ,

C a 6.

Fig e 1.1 T P c D d c R a a A d
R a c

So rce: T c (2002a).

56

Fig e 1.2 T P c I d c R a a A d
R a c

So rce: T c (2002a).

B a a a d a a a ac c d c
d ca a a c a d d b a ca

a . T ca a a c d
a a ba c d b ab d

a d b d c c a . T d
b d b a a a c d b a a

d b a a a c . A d a d
b d a d b ab

cc c d c a ac a c d . T a
b ca ac a c , a ,

a a d a a
c a . I ac ca a d c a

ca a ca . M (2011) a
ac ca ac a c ( . 7), c c a

ca ba d c ca ac a c . T c
a c a b ; -d d c

ca ba d ac a c a b d
c b . I a d a ab

a d ca a a d

57

c c ac a c , a c c c d
J (2008), McM a (2004), a d M (2011).

R ca a a a a a c d c b
d a d d ca a a. T acc

, a c c c da a b a a iable ( ac a
a a c c a d c a ac c a a

c a c ab c a c d a
c c ) a d a a da a d
h po he e ( d c d c d ) a
e ea ch q e ion . F a , a a a a c d

c c da a a c d c
a a d ab ( ca a ab ) d

a : A d c a
d c a b a d ab c a K 8 a

ad – a c a ( . ., K 5, K
6)?

T e ea ch de ign d b a c
a a b d ca d . R a c

d a b a a . I
none pe imen al e ea ch, a c a d c c

a a ab d , b ca a a ad
cc d b ca b b c d. I

d , a a c , a ab ca b
c d a a d b a c . T

a a d c d c a d ab
b a a a a d , a

ad c a , b d c a , a d
b ab c ca b c d c d b
a c . T ac a a ab ca b c d

a d a a d c b
a a c a d a a c , c a

c d a c c a d a d . T
a a a c c a d ca

d c b a ab a b a ab .
E a a a c d c d
descrip i e, compara i e, correla ional, a d ca sal-compara i e

a c (McM a , 2004). Descrip i e d
a ab c a ( . .,

58

W a c a d ac a c -ba d
a c a ?). Compara i e d
c a ac ca b d d c d b c a

a c a d ( . ., I a ca
d c b a a d c da ac

a c -ba d a ?). Correla ional d
a d c a a b

a ab ( . ., W a a b a
ac c a d a c -ba d

a ?). F a , ca sal-compara i e d (a
d a ac d ) c a

b d d b a
cc d a b da a a a ab
c a a a a a c d d c ca a a

b a ab ( . ., D ac c d a
a d-a c c c a a

a c -ba d a a ac d d
c c a c ?). N c a ba d a

a c d d b a
a a a c d d a

c ca , c a ac
a c -ba d a .

I e pe imen al e ea ch, a c a c
a ab c d d d a a

c ( ca ) a c a b a . T a ab
c a c a c a a independen

a iable ; a a ab a a a a d b
a c , a a a c d c

b c c c c d . F a ,
c a a a a b …