Communication as a human necessity

1.Define communication describe the three modes with brief examples and explain succinctly how communication is a human necessity.

2.List the three rules of rational discourse and explain their importance.

3. Discuss “truth” as often understood in general conversation and as used in its formal academic sense; explain the difference between belief and knowledge.

4. Discuss the subjective/objective problem and the associated concepts of inscape and landscape and the difference between fact and fiction. What should be the boundaries of *invention in essay writing? (NB: *Harry Truman’s roses.)

5. Succinctly explain the four appeals (i.e. the Rhetorical Triangle plus one) and the three matters from Classical/Aristotelian argument theory.

6. Discuss Legitimate Propositions. Why should academic writers know these concepts?

7. Prepare to succinctly explain the basic requirement of Rogerian Argument and the two functions of argument identified by Stephen Toulmin..

8. Discuss the processes of induction and deduction with succinct examples.

9. Define rhetoric and name and briefly describe all seven rhetorical modes.

10. What is frontloading in composition and why is it a good thing for most writers to do?

11. What three parts must any essay have (NB: the “old time teacher’s” advice) how do the topic and thesis differ what kinds of titles are there and why are titles and first and last lines important?

12. Define “Standard English” and be prepared to identify Standard English sentences and correct non-standard ones. What three elements must be present in any correct sentence?

13. Define literature with definitions of non-fiction (name the single genre of that domain) and fiction and describe the two traditions. (We will expand this on the final exam.)

14. Define propaganda; note the common (three) forms; succinctly discuss its use. ALSO: Prepare to define/discuss the following terms: plagiarism euphemism anecdote epiphany jargon redundancy paraphrase summary concrete abstract fragment & run-on sentences logic symbol metaphor simile dialogue dialect etymology excerpt primary and secondary sources exposition documentation MLA APA; others? A: General Backgrounds 1. In the simplest way possible in one sentence define communication. 2. List and succinctly describe the three forms or modes of communication. 3. Define rhetoric. 4. List the seven rhetorical modes. 5. List the three rules of rational discourse and succinctly explain their importance. 6. Define Standard English. What three elements does a proper sentence require? B: Identifying Foundational Concepts – Truth Evidence & Argument; Composition Theory 1. Define “truth” in its formal sense tell how this differs from “ordinary language” explain its relation to belief and knowledge (be sure to define the terms). 2. What is the subjective/objective problem and how does it relate to essay writing? (Succinctly discuss landscape and inscape fact fiction and invention as related to a writer’s ethical obligation.) 3. What three parts must any essay have (NB: the “old time teacher’s” advice) how do the topic and thesis differ what kinds of titles are there and why are titles and first and last lines important? 4. Define literature with definitions of non-fiction (name the single genre of that domain) and fiction and describe the two traditions. C: Foundational Concepts/Definitions – Argument Theory 1. Academic argument depends on Legitimate Propositions. Why? Define the concept (and refer to the OUR acronym). 2. . Succinctly explain the four appeals (i.e. the Rhetorical Triangle plus one) and the three matters from Classical/Aristotelian argument theory. 3. Succinctly explain the basic requirement of Rogerian Argument and the two functions of argument identified by Stephen Toulmin. 4. Discuss induction and deduction with succinct examples. D: Succinctly define the following terms in the best brief way; 1. Metaphor: 2. Frontloading: 3.Epiphany:: 4. Topic: 5. Thesis: 6. Plagiarism: 7. Euphemism: 8. Simile: 9. Jargon: 10. Redundancy: E: Argument Theory 1. REVISED QUESTION: Refer to your answer to question C2 and in two or three sentences comment on the importance of knowing these elements of classical rhetorical theory as a basis for making sound arguments. Consider the following as possible angles of attack: How do they relate to the Subjective/Obective problem? How do they help with problems of belief and gullibility of the type examined by Michael Shermer in his “Why People Believe Weird Things” TED talk? 2. Explain the foundational principle of Rogerian Argument Theory. Does it guarantee agreement? 3. What are the two foundational concepts of Toulmin Argument Theory and how do both or either one differ from the way argument is usually conceived in ordinary language? F. Concepts: supply the term or select the letter; 1. Anything that exists only as an idea is said to be ____. (a) ephemeral (b) eidetic (c) insubstantial (d) concrete (e) abstract (f) frenetic (g) none of these (h) idealistic (i) quantum state 2. Anything that exists in matter/energy is said to be ___. (Select from the list at #1) 3. A short amusing or instructive story about a real incident or person: 4. Secondary sources are never as trustworthy as primary sources. [ ] T [ ] F 5. Propaganda is never based on truth. [ ] T [ ] F 6. The history of a word:____ a) entomology b) enterology c) analogy d) none of these 7. In general use anything that stands for more than it is: ________________ 8. Regional speech:____. a) dialog b) dialect c) diorama d) diarrhea e) diatryma 9. To rephrase as briefly as possible without changing meaning: _________________ 10. To put into different words to help clarify: _________________________ 11. The best explanation we have currently for a set of facts: ________________ 12. Facts are fixed absolute items of knowledge: [ ] T [ ] F 13. Ambiguity: _____ a) can be understood in more than one way b) the misuse of MLA rules of style c) unintentional vagueness d) humor at the expense of another 14. A direct witness is best described as: _____ a) a tertiary source b) a final source c) a proper source d) a peripatetic source e) a primary source f) none of these 15. A passage taken from a work usually short but longer than an ordinary quote: _____a) excerpt b) except c) anecdote d) antidote e) analemma f) all of these The following may not be Standard English. Rewrite each any way you choose to correct errors then enter the corrections you have made. (The easiest way to do this is to copy the material below correct it then copy and paste the completed assignment into the submission text window using the “Write Submission” function as usual.) NB: if something below is Standard English as-is just write “C” beside the number. 1. We studied my favorite kind of literature. Short stories.2. We all visited Chuck. Our classmate who has been ill.3. The reporters waited beside the wreck I think they sensed a good story developing.4. A dangerous spot for an unwary hiker.5. So that we would be able to begin using our composition skills.6. To wait forever for your dreams. To come true is foolhardy.7. Considering her important office.8. Because the police responded to the emergency call so promptly. The following sentences are plagued with misplaced modifiers. Rewrite each to make it clear. (Use each word group to make a single sentence. Try to use the words present but in one or two cases you may need to add a word for clarity.)9. We looked at the map in back of the car that we needed.10. A snake slithered across the road that was at least four feet long.11. A giant elm tree had fallen across the porch that had been uprooted.12. A package was delivered to our door that was actually addressed to the neighbors.13. A dog ran into the garden that looked like my old pet Spot.14. Once on vacation in Arabia I saw a wild camel in my pajamas.15. Buried in the yard my dog found a bone. The following sentences lack clarity because of internal reference faults or wordiness. Correct each; you may keep a word group as a unit divide it or combine several word groups to make one – “fix” it any way you can to make it standard and clear!16. He dropped out of school on account of the fact that it was necessary for him to help support his family.17. There are many ways in which a student who is interested in meeting foreign students can come to know one.18. The subjects that are considered to be most useful by most students are those that have been shown to be most useful to them after they have graduated.19. Some people believe in capital punishment while many others are against it because there are so many opinions on this subject.20. It is a very rare thing to find someone who has never told a deliberate lie on purpose.need for jobs that pay wages families can live on. Requirements: answer all of them ‘