Cyberwarfare responses

Provide (2) 150 words substantive response with a minimum of 1 APA references for RESPONSES 1 AND 2 below. Response provided should further discuss the subject or provide more insight. To further understand the response, below is the discussion post that’s discusses the responses. 100% original work and not plagiarized. Must meet deadline.
RESPONSE 1:
1.  What is cyber warfare?
Cyber Warfare is the use of information systems as weapons against an opposing force or adversary. This is normally used by government and military organizations to conduct cyberattacks and also cyber espionage missions. Cyber-attacks include the use of systems to offensively attack another opposing forces computer system. They are meant to disrupt the mission of the opposing force, and cause some form of damage (Chapple and Seidl 2015, 5). In my opinion, Cyber Warfare could be considered the new “Cold War” since most of the time the public never hears about the damage that is caused by opposing forces. The only damage that is actually released from the governments would be anything that would directly affect the public or caused damage that any natural causes couldn’t explain.
2.  What is a network?
A network consists of two or more computers connected together, physically or wirelessly, to share resources, exchange data, or otherwise communicate with each other. Networks can be broken down into two broad categories of Local Area Networks and Wide Area Networks. Local area networks are networks that are connected within a specific defined physical space, such as an office building. Wide Area Networks are networks that can stretch across multiple office buildings all over the world. Networks are indeed the backbone of the majority of major businesses around the world. Without different networks, most companies wouldn’t be able to have email, shared drives for files, collaborative virtual meetings, or even the internet as we know it today (IBM Cloud Education 2021).
3.  What constitutes a threat to a network?
Anything that can cause harm or damage to your network can be constituted as a threat. In recent times, the biggest threat to a network is malware/ransomware. We all have heard of the hospitals, businesses, and schools that have been hit with ransomware attacks in recent years. Ransomware attacks occur when a hacker infiltrates a network and runs encryption software on all of the files on your computer/network. After everything is encrypted, the hacker then only shows a screen requesting payment for the encryption key to allow you to unencrypt your data. Most of the time, the hackers request cryptocurrency as payment so the money can’t be traced back (RSI Security 2019).
References:
Chapple, Mike, and David Seidl. 2015. Cyberwarfare: Information Operations in a Connected World. Burlington, MA: MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
IBM Cloud Education. 2021. “The Fundamentals of Networking.” Networking. https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/networking-a-complete-guide. 
RSI Security. 2019. “TOP 10 NETWORK SECURITY THREATS.” RSI. https://blog.rsisecurity.com/top-10-network-security-threats/.
-ANDREW
RESPONSE 2:
Cyber warfare is the use of information systems to attack or defend against an enemy, or to gain access to an enemy’s protected information. As a part of information operations and information warfare cyberwarfare involves war in or through its own domain. Warfare can be conducted in this domain by penetrating, disrupting or destroying enemy information systems, defending against enemy network attacks, exploiting enemy networks and collecting information of intelligence value. This type of warfare can be conducted by government entities, non-state actors such as criminal organizations or terrorist groups, or individuals acting on their own. Even media organizations and corporations can wage their own cyberwarfare campaigns to further their own interests and goals. Such activities can be masked by governments by using any other organization or individual in to avoid culpability, making legal action difficult or impossible.
A network, in terms of information architecture, is a series of connections between devices, where one device communicates with one or more devices, which are, themselves, communicating with one or more devices. These can be telephones, computers, vending machines or household appliances. Governments, corporations, civilians and other organizations can all operate networks on private or public servers.
Network threats are organizations that attempt cyberwarfare tactics and techniques against a specific network. These are defined by Dr. Chase Cunningham and Gregory J. Touhill as having capability and intent. It is these actors that write the code and create programs that penetrate, disrupt and cause harm to civilian, government and corporate networks. They can use a variety of tools that can spread through networks like biological viruses, infecting one system after another, or exfiltrating data to an outside entity. Network threats are people with specific goals and objectives. These threats can come from terrorist organizations and extremists, those seeking to commit cyber espionage, foreign militaries and non-state hacker groups.
References
Jorge Barbosa,  “Cyber Alliances and Proxy Warfare”, International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, (reading, 2020), doi: 10.34190.ICCWS.20.501.
Chase Cunningham and Gregory J Touhill. Cyber Warfare – Truth, Tactics, and Strategies. (Birmingham: Packt Publishing, 2020).   
Petar Marinov and Rumen Marinov, “Cyber Warfare and the Threat it Poses” International Scientific Conference: Strategies XXI, suppl. Command and Staff Faculty, (presentation, Bucharest. Romania, 2020).
-SKYE