DataAnalysis.docx

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Data Analysis

RSCH 202/Mod7
Date: 6/6/2021

Data Analysis Assignment

. The analysis can be done by developing a predefined framework. The framework involves aligned policies and programmatic research with goals and objectives that were decided during start of the research. This guides the data collection method. The other data analysis technique involves using an exploratory Research Topic

The research topic is “Training to lose weight and have better health.”

Objective/Purpose

The purpose of the research is to encourage people to engage in physical training so that they can lose weight and have better health. It argues that by losing weight, people will not become susceptible to certain diseases and conditions that also predispose them to poor health. The research also seeks to sensitize people on the right training approach that can yield positive results and discourages people from any training that may harm them.

Research Questions

To realize the objectives, the research asks two main questions. The first question assesses whether a person can train without exposing themselves to risks while the second question asks about the best exercise to train for weight loss. They are as follows; “can one train without exposing himself to risks?” and “which is the best exercise to train for weight loss?”

The Dependent and Independent Variable

The dependent and independent variables can be thought of in terms of cause and effect. The independent variable is the cause while the dependent variable is the effect. . The dependent variable is the effect since its value depends on the changes in the independent variable. The independent variable can be manipulated or changed to affect the dependent variable. For one to lose weight, it depends on the training. The training is the cause of losing weight. Thus, in this research, the independent variable is the training which is the cause while the dependent variable is the weight loss and better health which is the effect. Better health and weight loss will depend on the activity of the training. ( Creswell, 2014). 

Null and Alternative Hypotheses

Sample data are used in the hypothesis test to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis. Null and alternative hypotheses are mutually exclusive. In the null hypothesis, the parameter is equal to the hypothesized value. While in alternative hypothesis, the population parameter is what is hoped for can be believed to be true.
For this research, the null hypothesis is that not all training can lead to weight loss and better health while the alternative hypothesis is that any training can lead to weight loss regardless of the exercise that one is engaged in.
I. (H0)- Not all training can lead to weight loss and better health.
II. (H1)- Any training can lead to weight loss regardless of the exercise that one is engaged in

Data

The research will deal with ordinal data type as it involves comparing. Ordinal data is a subcategory of categorical data together with nominal data while the other subcategory is called numerical consisting of interval and ratio data. Categorical data is qualitative and does not have numbers. Data in ordinal subcategory are listed in an which stands for labels. The ordinal data allows use of parametric statistics for ease of analysis. This will make it possible to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the data collected. The parametric statitics methods include close substitutes to mean and standard deviation. During analysis the ordinal data obtained, arithmetic operations ca be done.
For the research data to be collected will involve 6 groups of people who will be willing to participate in the study. Each group will consist of 6 people where one group will have a timetable most suitable for the members which will be strictly followed and their performance and changes in weight will be recorded. The people will do specific exercises for a period of one month. Two other groups will participate each doing different exercise activities. One group will do different exercises for the whole period and one group will not do any exercise. Weight measurement and physical body improvement will be observed and recorded. The other type of data will be obtained through survey of people not participating in the activities but willing to participate in the study with their opinions and orthopedic medical practitioners. Focus groups will also be used with already prepared interview questions. The questions include:
· Type of exercises one participated in?
· Period one took for the exercises?
· Did they get the oyutcomes they expected?
· Effect of quiting the exercises after attaining the weight you wish to attain?
· Did the diet one took have effect on the outcome?

Qualitative Methods

The study method will use a qualitative approach a it seeks to understand the exploration reasons and to answer why and how training and exercising will contribute to weight loss and improving body physically. The primary purpose of the textual data collection method applied is it will serve to answer some of the research question making analysis easier. It will assist in understanding how exercising should be doen to achieve the goal of weight reduction.
Qualitative methods rely upon data gained by the examiner from direct insight, interviews, overviews, focus social events, part discernment, accounts made in ordinary settings, files, and relics. The data are generally nonnumerical. In qualitative research, data is collected by the researcher on firsthand. The qualitative methods that can be used in the research include observations, focus groups, interviews, questionnaires participant observation, and process observation. ( Tracy, 2019). 
Observation is one of the methods that will be used in qualitative research. This involves collecting data by watching and noting the physical characteristics in a natural setting. An approach to assemble information by watching individuals, occasions, or noticing actual qualities in their characteristic setting. Observation can be clear (subjects realize they are being noticed) or secret (don’t realize they are being watched). Observation is a method for data collection wherein researchers see inside a specific assessment field. It is to a great extent insinuated as an honest method. Participant insight incorporates the passerby being a piece of the setting where they are gathering data – there are numerous assortments of this definition. The research is better prepared to understand and get the remarkable condition inside which people partner Firsthand association in a setting licenses experts to open to revelation and inductive, instead of considering what the setting is like. The assessment may see things that routinely move away from thoughtfulness regarding the part using another method. It offers a chance to learn things that people may be hesitant to discuss in a gathering. For the study on effect of exercises on weight loss. Observation method will be highly used as most of the results are physical and observable. This for our study is a more accurate method as it will involve observation of the actual records under study. The observation will include weekly weight values for the different people in the groups and compare them to the group not doing any exercises. In qualitative data collection, observation can be covert or overt. In covert method the ones under observation do not know if they are being observed. For the case of this study this will be difficult as most of the required data is recorded and it does not involve behavior of the people under study or their current. actions. The overt method is where the participants are aware of the observation going on and they willingly participate. The observer reveals his agenda for the observations and he can record his observation as per agreement with the person in charge. Observation plays an important role especially for study involving ongoing processes, situations or data collection from observable records (Onwuegbuzie, Leech & Collins, (2012).
The Focus group method can be used in the research to collect qualitative data. A focus group is a kind of abstract assessment where a get-together of people are gotten some data about their observations, assumptions, feelings, and mindsets towards a thing, organization, thought, advancement, thought, or packaging. Focus bundle discussion is once in a while used emotionally to manage to gain an all-around cognizance of social issues. The method hopes to obtain data from an intentionally picked assembling of individuals instead of from a truly specialist trial of a more broad people. Notwithstanding the way that the use of this technique in assurance research has been wide, there is no essential examination of the utilization of the system. Moreover, there are no quickly available standards for insurance experts. A focus group is carefully selected and the results from the group represent the larger population. Conclusion is drawn based on the respondent feelings, attitude, and reaction. The focus enables the data collection to in a shorter period and effective.
A Focus group is used to assemble data through bundle affiliation. The get-together incorporates not many carefully picked people who talk about a given point. Focus social affairs are used to perceive and explore how people think and act, and they enlighten why what and how questions. Focus bundles are a sort of get-together gathering that profits by correspondence between research individuals to deliver data. Disregarding the way that get-together meetings are as often as possible used basically as a quick and accommodating way to deal with accumulated data from a couple of gathering simultaneously, focus social occasions explicitly use pack association as an element of the strategy. ( Creswell, 2014). 
Interviews help give a better understanding of the research subjects. Interviews involve a conversation to gather data and information. Interviews give an important strategy to investigators to get some answers concerning the universe of others, although authentic game plans may now and again be interesting. Regardless, when the interviewer and the interviewee seem, by all accounts, to be conveyed in a comparative language, their words may have completely unprecedented social ramifications. Thusly, passing on ends up being more difficult when people have unmistakable viewpoints. Regardless, got done with care, a well-planned interview approach can give a rich course of action of data. The abstract investigation talks with hopes to depict and the ramifications of central themes in the present universe of the subjects. The essential endeavor in chatting with is to fathom the significance of what the interviewees say. An abstract assessment talk attempts to cover both a real and a which means level, anyway, it is normally more difficult to meet on a which means level. ( Roller,  & Lavrakas, 2015). 
Three types of interviews can be used: composed, semi-facilitated and unstructured. Facilitated social occasions are, basically, verbally administered studies, in which a quick overview of foreordained solicitations are introduced, with essentially no variety and with no expansion for follow-up solicitations to reactions that warrant further elaboration. As needs are, they are all things considered catalyst and simple to administer and might be of unequivocal use if the explanation of express demands is required or if there are probably going to class or numeracy issues with the respondents. By the by, by their real nature, they consider restricted part reactions and are, accordingly, of little use if ‘importance’ is required.( McNabb,2020).
The other method to use is qualitative surveys. The method will require development of questionaries for collecting textual data. The questionaries will consist of open-ended questions on the research topic. The respondent will answer the questionnaires on his or her opinion as stated by Bavdaz, Giesen, Moore, Smith & Jones, (2019, December). The surveys have a wide reach and also many people can provide quality data that is highly credible and valuable. The surveys will be conducted in different areas focusing on people of different ages and from different locations. The survey will only be paper survey where different people will be given the papers to circulate and randomly give the papers to different people willing to participate in the study. This method is faster and can reach more people than the direct interview method though it is not as comprehensive as the interview method. The responded answers only questions on the questionaries thus not possible for follow up questions.
Qualitative data analysis uses data collected to develop a comprehensive insight. An interpretation of the recorded data is developed perspective where all the data is considered and coded.

References
Bavdaz, M., Giesen, D., Moore, D. L., Smith, P. A., & Jones, J. (2019, December). Qualitative testing for official establishment survey questionnaires. In Survey Research Methods (Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 267-288).
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. SAGE.
McNabb, D. E. (2020). Introduction to qualitative research methods. Research Methods for Political Science, 241-251. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003103141-21

Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Leech, N. L., & Collins, K. M. (2012). Qualitative analysis techniques for the review of the literature. Qualitative Report, 17, 56.
Roller, M. R., & Lavrakas, P. J. (2015). Applied qualitative research design: A total quality framework approach. Guilford Publications.
Tracy, S. J. (2019). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact. John Wiley & Sons.