ESSENTIALPATHO.docx

Study guide
1. How dose unstable angina pectoris differ from stable angina pectoris?
A. Unstable angina pectoris manifests in electrocardiogram (ECG) changes only
B. Unstable angina pectoris is not relieved by periods of rest unstable angina pectoris is not as serious as stable angina.
C. Unstable angina pectoris is not relieved by periods of rest.
D. Unstable angina pectoris is not as serious as stable angina.

2. A client diagnosed with heart failure reports a feeling of dizziness upon standing, which of the following term is describe client is feeling?
A. Contraindication
B. Sign
C. Symptom
D. Objective data

3. Which of the following can occur with clients who have hyponatremia?
A. The loss of more than sodium
B. A grain of more sodium than water
C. Extreme thirst
D. Potentially brain swelling.
4. Epidemiologist classify vaccinations as which level of disease prevention?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Second level prevention

5. Which of the following would the nurse expect to see in client experiencing hypoventilation?
A. increased oxygenation in the alveoli
B. increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
C. decreased hemoglobin in the bloodstream
D. decreased carbon dioxide in the alveoli

6. A patient has acute respiratory failure (ARF). Which of the following would the nurse expert to find?

A. Alkalosis and hyperventilation
B. Hypoxemia and hypercapnia
C. Alkalosis and high potassium
D. Elevated sodium and acidosis

7. Intracellular fluid contains higher concentration of which of the following?
A. Magnesium
B. Sodium
C. Chloride
D Bicarbonate

8. Which of the following electrolytes and as an electrolyte pool?

A. Brain
B. Bone
C. Kidneys
D. Nails

9. What is the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes?
A. Overproductions od insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas.
B. Destruction of the beta cells within the pancreas, resulting in an inability to produce insulin.
C. Loss of insulin receptors on the target cells, resulting in insulin resistance.
D. A pituitary tumor in the brain, resulting in increased antidiuretic hormone production.

10. What clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to find in a client who is experiencing anaphylaxis?
A. Dilated bronchioles, constriction of peripheral blood vessels, decreased capillary permeability.

B. Asthma, deep vein thrombosis, encephalopathy

C. Narrowing of the bronchioles, dilation of the peripheral blood vessels, increased capillary permeability.
D. Left-sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism, urinary tract infection.

11. Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
A. Demyelination of the neurons in the central system
B. Decreased production of dopamine in the central nervous system
C. Clotting and bleeding dis s
D. Destruction of acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells

12. What is the most sensitive indicator of altered brain function?
A. The ability to perform complex mathematics.
B. Altered level of consciousness.
C. The lack of level of cerebrospinal fluid production
D. Intact cranial nerve functions

13. Which of the following cause a client to have a mechanical bowel obstruction?
Opioid analgesic administration
A diet low in fiber
Intussusception
Clostridium difficulties infection

14. A client is bleeding platelets within the bloodstream begin aggregating to prevent further blood lose. Platelet aggregation is one of the steps of which of the following processes?
A. Homokinetic
B. Homokinetic
C. Hemostasis
D. Homeostasis

15. What of the following best describes sepsis?
A. An overwhelming allergic reaction
B. Sever inflammatory response to a pathogen.
C. Unknown cause resulting in hypertension.
D. Poor nursing and health care provider interventions.

16. What is the goal for treating sepsis?
A. To identify the cause and treat.
B. Offer antibiotics if the client asks.
C. Restore cognitive functioning.
D. Restore kidney function
17. Which of the following are causes of obstructive shock? (select all that Apply )
A. Spinal cord injury
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Cardiac tamponade
D. Tension pneumothorax
E. Hemorrhage
18. Which of the following is not a clinical manifestation of leukemia and lymphoma?
A. Fatigue
B. Increased risk of bleeding
C. Increased risk of infections
D. Increased energy and strength

19. FUNCTIONAL PROCESS in the chain of infection describes the source (living or nonliving) of an infection agent?
A. Reservoir
B. Mode of transmission
C. Portal of exit
D. Susceptible
21. Which of the following would the nurse expect to see in client experiencing hypoventilation?
A. increased oxygenation in the alveoli
B. Increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
C. Decreased in the bloodstream.
D. decreased carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

1. A client diagnosed with heart failure displays bilateral pitting edema of the lower extremities. Which of the following terms is used to describe this finding?
A. Contraindication
B. sign

C. Symptom
D. Subjective data
4.Which of the following can occur with clients who have hyponatremia?

A. The loss of more than sodium

B. A grain of more sodium than water
C. Extreme thirst
D. Potentially brain swelling.
When arterial pressure declines the kidneys secrete a hormone to increase blood pressure and peripheral resistance. What the hormone called?
A. Renin?

B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Atrial natriuretic
D. Erythropoietin
Epidemiologists classify vaccinations as which level of disease prevention?
A. Primary prevention?

B. Secondary prevention

C. Tertiary prevention
D. Second level prevention
Which of the following can occur with clients who have hyponatremia?
A. The loss of more water than sodium

B. A gain of more sodium than water

C. extreme thirst
D. potentially fatal brain swelling.

Study guide

1.

How dose unstable angina pectoris differ from stable angina

pectoris?

A.

Unstable angina pectoris manifests in electrocardiogram (ECG)

changes only

B.

Unstable angina pectoris is not relieved by periods of rest unstable

angina pectoris is not as serious as stable angina.

C.

Unstable angina pectoris is not relieved by periods of rest.

D.

Unstable angina pectoris is not as serious as stable angina.

2.

A cli

ent diagnosed with heart failure reports a feeling of

dizziness upon standing, which of the following term is describe

client is feeling?

A. Contraindication

B. Sign

C. Symptom

D. Objective data

3.

Which of the following can occur with clients who have

hy

ponatremia?

A. The loss of more than sodium

Study guide
1. How dose unstable angina pectoris differ from stable angina
pectoris?
A. Unstable angina pectoris manifests in electrocardiogram (ECG)
changes only
B. Unstable angina pectoris is not relieved by periods of rest unstable
angina pectoris is not as serious as stable angina.
C. Unstable angina pectoris is not relieved by periods of rest.
D. Unstable angina pectoris is not as serious as stable angina.

2. A client diagnosed with heart failure reports a feeling of
dizziness upon standing, which of the following term is describe
client is feeling?
A. Contraindication
B. Sign
C. Symptom
D. Objective data

3. Which of the following can occur with clients who have
hyponatremia?
A. The loss of more than sodium