Forms of communication technology

https://blackboard.sdsu.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-5952067-dt-content-rid-117314633_1/courses/PSY301-09-12-CX-Spring2021/Forgays_spring2021.pdf Requirements: N/A Questions 1 through 3 can be found in the INTRODUCTION section of your article. The description of what type of information is found in an introduction can be located in Chapter 3 of your Writing with Style book. Which statement seems to state the PURPOSE of the study? “The information that is now available is derived from research focused on comfort level with as well as perceived barriers to utilization of cell phones and other forms of communication technology.””In this exploratory survey participants were asked about their understanding of the social rules for cell phone use.””It seems clear that there is a need for information about cell phone users – caller and texters alike – across the adult developmental span.” “The information that is now available is derived from research focused on comfort level with as well as perceived barriers to utilization of cell phones and other forms of communication technology.” “In this exploratory survey participants were asked about their understanding of the social rules for cell phone use.” “It seems clear that there is a need for information about cell phone users – caller and texters alike – across the adult developmental span.” Which statement indicates WHY this is an important research issue?”The rapid shift to cell phone use in US university students is mirrored in research from other parts of the globe.””These identified gender differences in communication style may be also be evident in the social rules for cell phone use.”Thus a thorough examination of cell phone use by gender across the adult developmental span is warranted.” “The rapid shift to cell phone use in US university students is mirrored in research from other parts of the globe.” “These identified gender differences in communication style may be also be evident in the social rules for cell phone use. “Thus a thorough examination of cell phone use by gender across the adult developmental span is warranted.” Copy the phrases or sentences found toward the end of the introduction that signal information about methodology. Search only in the Introduction section not the Method section.”In this exploratory survey participants were asked about their understanding of the social rules for cell phone use.”In effect does a cell phone text offer an electronic version of a Dear John letter?For example those aged 55–67 are likely employed often in careers that demand they keep up with current communication technology.” “In this exploratory survey participants were asked about their understanding of the social rules for cell phone use.” In effect does a cell phone text offer an electronic version of a Dear John letter? For example those aged 55–67 are likely employed often in careers that demand they keep up with current communication technology.” Questions 4 through 6 can be found in the METHOD section of your article. The description of what type of information is found in a method section can be located in Chapter 4 of your Writing with Style book. Copy sentences from the Participants section that describes in words the number age and/or sex of participants.”The 662 participants with cell phones ranged in age from 18-68 years. The majority of the participants were female.”See Table 1 for a breakdown by age and gender.”This was a well-educated sample with only two men having less than a high school diploma 86% were either enrolled in college or had obtained a bachelors or higher degree “The 662 participants with cell phones ranged in age from 18-68 years. The majority of the participants were female. “See Table 1 for a breakdown by age and gender. “This was a well-educated sample with only two men having less than a high school diploma 86% were either enrolled in college or had obtained a bachelors or higher degree The Measures subsection of this research article explains the scales or measures that participants were required to complete. Which of the following sentences describes a description of a scale that also lists the labels or anchors on the scale.”Given the online format with the exception of certain demographic questions all survey items were either forced choice or Likert scales.”“The online survey was developed by the authors and their research assistants.””Respondents also reported how long they would expect to wait for a returned text message from each of these individuals (a few minutes within an hour the same day within a few days eventually). “Given the online format with the exception of certain demographic questions all survey items were either forced choice or Likert scales.” “The online survey was developed by the authors and their research assistants.” “Respondents also reported how long they would expect to wait for a returned text message from each of these individuals (a few minutes within an hour the same day within a few days eventually). How did participants record how often they use their cell phone to text make and receive phone calls per day?They were asked to use a tracking device on their cell phone to accurately record the exact number of texts and phonesThey self-reported on a scale of fewer than 10 11-30 31-50 51-100Each participant was assigned to a research assistant who recorded all cell phone behavior They were asked to use a tracking device on their cell phone to accurately record the exact number of texts and phones They self-reported on a scale of fewer than 10 11-30 31-50 51-100 Each participant was assigned to a research assistant who recorded all cell phone behavior Questions 7 through 8 can be found in the RESULTS section of your article. The description of what type of information is found in a results section can be located in Chapter 5 of your Writing with Style book. Identify the sentence that contain chi-square results.”On average the respondents rated text messaging (M = 3.05 SD = 0.83) as more appropriate across the entire set of situations than cell phone calls (M = 2.29 SD = 0.59; t (597) = 30.82 p < .001 Cohens d = 1.07).People contact romantic partners more frequently than friends (F (2 992) = 579.98 MSE = 0.77 p < .001 partial n2 = .54) and this finding held across age and gender.””Younger individuals are more likely to make contacts with a text message whereas older individuals are more likely to call or use an email or Facebook message for same sex friends (χ^2 (6N=662) = 133.06 p < .001) other sex friends (χ^2 (6 N= 653) = 146.43 p < .001) and romantic partners (χ^2 (6N=541)= 30.47 p < .001). “On average the respondents rated text messaging (M = 3.05 SD = 0.83) as more appropriate across the entire set of situations than cell phone calls (M = 2.29 SD = 0.59; t (597) = 30.82 p < .001 Cohens d = 1.07). People contact romantic partners more frequently than friends (F (2 992) = 579.98 MSE = 0.77 p < .001 partial n2 = .54) and this finding held across age and gender.” “Younger individuals are more likely to make contacts with a text message whereas older individuals are more likely to call or use an email or Facebook message for same sex friends (χ^2 (6N=662) = 133.06 p < .001) other sex friends (χ^2 (6 N= 653) = 146.43 p < .001) and romantic partners (χ^2 (6N=541)= 30.47 p < .001). Identify the sentence that contains information about means and standard deviations.”We did find gender effects such that men consider cell phone calls more appropriate than women in public situations (Men M = 2.30 SD = 0.74; Women M = 2.07 SD = 0.66).””We did find large differences based on age group with the younger groups more likely to have ended relationships by text message (χ^2 (6 N = 651) = 17.58 p = .007).””For the two youngest age groups (18–24 and 25–34) we also looked at how frequently they contacted their parents.” “We did find gender effects such that men consider cell phone calls more appropriate than women in public situations (Men M = 2.30 SD = 0.74; Women M = 2.07 SD = 0.66).” “We did find large differences based on age group with the younger groups more likely to have ended relationships by text message (χ^2 (6 N = 651) = 17.58 p = .007).” “For the two youngest age groups (18–24 and 25–34) we also looked at how frequently they contacted their parents.” Questions 9 through 14 can be found in the DISCUSSION section of your article. The description of what type of information is found in a discussion section can be located in Chapter 6 of your Writing with Style book. The Discussion section is not a place to restate the results but rather to explain and interpret them. Forgays Hyman and Schreiber (2014) examined attitudes about cell phone etiquette. They found that men considered texting and phone calls to be more appropriate than women in many settings. Based on their findings what implications do they suggest?”Men also considered texting more appropriate than women in social situations.””Overall regarding the social etiquette of cell phone use texting was viewed as more appropriate than placing or receiving calls across public interpersonal and intimate situations (environments) with the single exception of driving.””…women are socialized to feel more responsible for maintaining social ties and being sensitive to others need and expectations.” “Men also considered texting more appropriate than women in social situations.” “Overall regarding the social etiquette of cell phone use texting was viewed as more appropriate than placing or receiving calls across public interpersonal and intimate situations (environments) with the single exception of driving.” “…women are socialized to feel more responsible for maintaining social ties and being sensitive to others need and expectations.” Identify the statement in which Forgays and colleagues discuss similarities between this work and previous research”When we look at patterns of cell phone use the age breakdown is not simply that the youngest adults differ from all other age groups in their cell phone use.”Our results on the social etiquette of cell phone use provides a window on when people think others and presumably themselves should limit cell phone use.””The high value on a rapid response from a significant other is consistent with Atchley and Wardens (2012) findings with a university sample” “When we look at patterns of cell phone use the age breakdown is not simply that the youngest adults differ from all other age groups in their cell phone use. “Our results on the social etiquette of cell phone use provides a window on when people think others and presumably themselves should limit cell phone use.” “The high value on a rapid response from a significant other is consistent with Atchley and Wardens (2012) findings with a university sample” Look for acknowledgment of alternative explanations for the findings—explanations other than the “truth” of the hypotheses. Identify one alternative explanation for their findings.”Another explanation is that those who are more socially anxious may engage in more texting…”While we found gender differences when evaluating the impact on social situation there were no consistent gender differences in patterns of cell phone use.””Although cell phone use has become typical or normative behavior for young adults there are clearly problems related to cell phone use in many contexts.” “Another explanation is that those who are more socially anxious may engage in more texting… “While we found gender differences when evaluating the impact on social situation there were no consistent gender differences in patterns of cell phone use.” “Although cell phone use has become typical or normative behavior for young adults there are clearly problems related to cell phone use in many contexts.” Look for comments that refer to theories or theoretical contexts to explain the results?”There appears to be at least a mild emotional attachment to ones cell phone perhaps because this has become the primary connection young adults have to their social group.”These reported gender differences are consistent with gender role theory.””There is a negative emotional component to frequent texting – an association between frequency of texting and greater distress at the possibility of not having access to connecting with friends family and lovers via texts.” “There appears to be at least a mild emotional attachment to ones cell phone perhaps because this has become the primary connection young adults have to their social group. “These reported gender differences are consistent with gender role theory.” “There is a negative emotional component to frequent texting – an association between frequency of texting and greater distress at the possibility of not having access to connecting with friends family and lovers via texts.” Which sentence below gives an example of an explanation as to why their findings were not what they expected?”Although cell phone use has become typical or normative behavior for young adults there are clearly problems related to cell phone use in many contexts.””More texting was associated with greater irritation with delayed responses from friends and romantic partners.”The absence of gender differences in use could be interpreted as support for how firmly embedded cell phones are as an emerging social interaction vehicle. “Although cell phone use has become typical or normative behavior for young adults there are clearly problems related to cell phone use in many contexts.” “More texting was associated with greater irritation with delayed responses from friends and romantic partners. “The absence of gender differences in use could be interpreted as support for how firmly embedded cell phones are as an emerging social interaction vehicle. Look through the Discussion sections for ideas for future studies. Which sentence suggests that future studies should expand on the current findings of what behavior is appropriate to what behaviors individuals actually do?…could build on these specific results by gathering information about personal experience – do individuals violate their own social etiquette rules how often do they experience rude cell phone behavior and what do they do about it.””The advantages of mobile phone contact should be acknowledged…””There appears to be at least a mild emotional attachment to ones cell phone perhaps because this has become the primary connection young adults have to their social group. …could build on these specific results by gathering information about personal experience – do individuals violate their own social etiquette rules how often do they experience rude cell phone behavior and what do they do about it.” “The advantages of mobile phone contact should be acknowledged…” “There appears to be at least a mild emotional attachment to ones cell phone perhaps because this has become the primary connection young adults have to their social group. What journal was this article published in?Computers in Human BehaviorJournal of Safety ResearchJournal of Community Health Computers in Human Behavior Journal of Safety Research Journal of Community Health Questions 1 through 3 can be found in the INTRODUCTION section of your article. The description of what type of information is found in an introduction can be located in Chapter 3 of your Writing with Style book. Which statement seems to state the PURPOSE of the study?”The information that is now available is derived from research focused on comfort level with as well as perceived barriers to utilization of cell phones and other forms of communication technology.””In this exploratory survey participants were asked about their understanding of the social rules for cell phone use.””It seems clear that there is a need for information about cell phone users – caller and texters alike – across the adult developmental span.”Which statement indicates WHY this is an important research issue?”The rapid shift to cell phone use in US university students is mirrored in research from other parts of the globe.””These identified gender differences in communication style may be also be evident in the social rules for cell phone use.”Thus a thorough examination of cell phone use by gender across the adult developmental span is warranted.”Copy the phrases or sentences found toward the end of the introduction that signal information about methodology. Search only in the Introduction section not the Method section.”In this exploratory survey participants were asked about their understanding of the social rules for cell phone use.”In effect does a cell phone text offer an electronic version of a Dear John letter?For example those aged 55–67 are likely employed often in careers that demand they keep up with current communication technology.”Questions 4 through 6 can be found in the METHOD section of your article. The description of what type of information is found in a method section can be located in Chapter 4 of your Writing with Style book. Copy sentences from the Participants section that describes in words the number age and/or sex of participants.”The 662 participants with cell phones ranged in age from 18-68 years. The majority of the participants were female.”See Table 1 for a breakdown by age and gender.”This was a well-educated sample with only two men having less than a high school diploma 86% were either enrolled in college or had obtained a bachelors or higher degreeThe Measures subsection of this research article explains the scales or measures that participants were required to complete. Which of the following sentences describes a description of a scale that also lists the labels or anchors on the scale.”Given the online format with the exception of certain demographic questions all survey items were either forced choice or Likert scales.”“The online survey was developed by the authors and their research assistants.””Respondents also reported how long they would expect to wait for a returned text message from each of these individuals (a few minutes within an hour the same day within a few days eventually).How did participants record how often they use their cell phone to text make and receive phone calls per day?They were asked to use a tracking device on their cell phone to accurately record the exact number of texts and phonesThey self-reported on a scale of fewer than 10 11-30 31-50 51-100Each participant was assigned to a research assistant who recorded all cell phone behaviorQuestions 7 through 8 can be found in the RESULTS section of your article. The description of what type of information is found in a results section can be located in Chapter 5 of your Writing with Style book. Identify the sentence that contain chi-square results.”On average the respondents rated text messaging (M = 3.05 SD = 0.83) as more appropriate across the entire set of situations than cell phone calls (M = 2.29 SD = 0.59; t (597) = 30.82 p < .001 Cohens d = 1.07).People contact romantic partners more frequently than friends (F (2 992) = 579.98 MSE = 0.77 p < .001 partial n2 = .54) and this finding held across age and gender.””Younger individuals are more likely to make contacts with a text message whereas older individuals are more likely to call or use an email or Facebook message for same sex friends (χ^2 (6N=662) = 133.06 p < .001) other sex friends (χ^2 (6 N= 653) = 146.43 p < .001) and romantic partners (χ^2 (6N=541)= 30.47 p < .001).Identify the sentence that contains information about means and standard deviations.”We did find gender effects such that men consider cell phone calls more appropriate than women in public situations (Men M = 2.30 SD = 0.74; Women M = 2.07 SD = 0.66).””We did find large differences based on age group with the younger groups more likely to have ended relationships by text message (χ^2 (6 N = 651) = 17.58 p = .007).””For the two youngest age groups (18–24 and 25–34) we also looked at how frequently they contacted their parents.”Questions 9 through 14 can be found in the DISCUSSION section of your article. The description of what type of information is found in a discussion section can be located in Chapter 6 of your Writing with Style book. The Discussion section is not a place to restate the results but rather to explain and interpret them. Forgays Hyman and Schreiber (2014) examined attitudes about cell phone etiquette. They found that men considered texting and phone calls to be more appropriate than women in many settings. Based on their findings what implications do they suggest?”Men also considered texting more appropriate than women in social situations.””Overall regarding the social etiquette of cell phone use texting was viewed as more appropriate than placing or receiving calls across public interpersonal and intimate situations (environments) with the single exception of driving.””…women are socialized to feel more responsible for maintaining social ties and being sensitive to others need and expectations.”Identify the statement in which Forgays and colleagues discuss similarities between this work and previous research”When we look at patterns of cell phone use the age breakdown is not simply that the youngest adults differ from all other age groups in their cell phone use.”Our results on the social etiquette of cell phone use provides a window on when people think others and presumably themselves should limit cell phone use.””The high value on a rapid response from a significant other is consistent with Atchley and Wardens (2012) findings with a university sample”Look for acknowledgment of alternative explanations for the findings—explanations other than the “truth” of the hypotheses. Identify one alternative explanation for their findings.”Another explanation is that those who are more socially anxious may engage in more texting…”While we found gender differences when evaluating the impact on social situation there were no consistent gender differences in patterns of cell phone use.””Although cell phone use has become typical or normative behavior for young adults there are clearly problems related to cell phone use in many contexts.”Look for comments that refer to theories or theoretical contexts to explain the results?”There appears to be at least a mild emotional attachment to ones cell phone perhaps because this has become the primary connection young adults have to their social group.”These reported gender differences are consistent with gender role theory.””There is a negative emotional component to frequent texting – an association between frequency of texting and greater distress at the possibility of not having access to connecting with friends family and lovers via texts.”Which sentence below gives an example of an explanation as to why their findings were not what they expected?”Although cell phone use has become typical or normative behavior for young adults there are clearly problems related to cell phone use in many contexts.””More texting was associated with greater irritation with delayed responses from friends and romantic partners.”The absence of gender differences in use could be interpreted as support for how firmly embedded cell phones are as an emerging social interaction vehicle.Look through the Discussion sections for ideas for future studies. Which sentence suggests that future studies should expand on the current findings of what behavior is appropriate to what behaviors individuals actually do?…could build on these specific results by gathering information about personal experience – do individuals violate their own social etiquette rules how often do they experience rude cell phone behavior and what do they do about it.””The advantages of mobile phone contact should be acknowledged…””There appears to be at least a mild emotional attachment to ones cell phone perhaps because this has become the primary connection young adults have to their social group.What journal was this article published in?Computers in Human BehaviorJournal of Safety ResearchJournal of Community Health “The information that is now available is derived from research focused on comfort level with as well as perceived barriers to utilization of cell phones and other forms of communication technology.””In this exploratory survey participants were asked about their understanding of the social rules for cell phone use.””It seems clear that there is a need for information about cell phone users – caller and texters alike – across the adult developmental span.” “The rapid shift to cell phone use in US university students is mirrored in research from other parts of the globe.””These identified gender differences in communication style may be also be evident in the social rules for cell phone use.”Thus a thorough examination of cell phone use by gender across the adult developmental span is warranted.” “In this exploratory survey participants were asked about their understanding of the social rules for cell phone use.”In effect does a cell phone text offer an electronic version of a Dear John letter?For example those aged 55–67 are likely employed often in careers that demand they keep up with current communication technology.” “The 662 participants with cell phones ranged in age from 18-68 years. The majority of the participants were female.”See Table 1 for a breakdown by age and gender.”This was a well-educated sample with only two men having less than a high school diploma 86% were either enrolled in college or had obtained a bachelors or higher degree “Given the online format with the exception of certain demographic questions all survey items were either forced choice or Likert scales.”“The online survey was developed by the authors and their research assistants.””Respondents also reported how long they would expect to wait for a returned text message from each of these individuals (a few minutes within an hour the same day within a few days eventually). They were asked to use a tracking device on their cell phone to accurately record the exact number of texts and phonesThey self-reported on a scale of fewer than 10 11-30 31-50 51-100Each participant was assigned to a research assistant who recorded all cell phone behavior “On average the respondents rated text messaging (M = 3.05 SD = 0.83) as more appropriate across the entire set of situations than cell phone calls (M = 2.29 SD = 0.59; t (597) = 30.82 p < .001 Cohens d = 1.07).People contact romantic partners more frequently than friends (F (2 992) = 579.98 MSE = 0.77 p < .001 partial n2 = .54) and this finding held across age and gender.””Younger individuals are more likely to make contacts with a text message whereas older individuals are more likely to call or use an email or Facebook message for same sex friends (χ^2 (6N=662) = 133.06 p < .001) other sex friends (χ^2 (6 N= 653) = 146.43 p < .001) and romantic partners (χ^2 (6N=541)= 30.47 p < .001). “We did find gender effects such that men consider cell phone calls more appropriate than women in public situations (Men M = 2.30 SD = 0.74; Women M = 2.07 SD = 0.66).””We did find large differences based on age group with the younger groups more likely to have ended relationships by text message (χ^2 (6 N = 651) = 17.58 p = .007).””For the two youngest age groups (18–24 and 25–34) we also looked at how frequently they contacted their parents.” “Men also considered texting more appropriate than women in social situations.””Overall regarding the social etiquette of cell phone use texting was viewed as more appropriate than placing or receiving calls across public interpersonal and intimate situations (environments) with the single exception of driving.””…women are socialized to feel more responsible for maintaining social ties and being sensitive to others need and expectations.” “When we look at patterns of cell phone use the age breakdown is not simply that the youngest adults differ from all other age groups in their cell phone use.”Our results on the social etiquette of cell phone use provides a window on when people think others and presumably themselves should limit cell phone use.””The high value on a rapid response from a significant other is consistent with Atchley and Wardens (2012) findings with a university sample” “Another explanation is that those who are more socially anxious may engage in more texting…”While we found gender differences when evaluating the impact on social situation there were no consistent gender differences in patterns of cell phone use.””Although cell phone use has become typical or normative behavior for young adults there are clearly problems related to cell phone use in many contexts.” “There appears to be at least a mild emotional attachment to ones cell phone perhaps because this has become the primary connection young adults have to their social group.”These reported gender differences are consistent with gender role theory.””There is a negative emotional component to frequent texting – an association between frequency of texting and greater distress at the possibility of not having access to connecting with friends family and lovers via texts.” “Although cell phone use has become typical or normative behavior for young adults there are clearly problems related to cell phone use in many contexts.””More texting was associated with greater irritation with delayed responses from friends and romantic partners.”The absence of gender differences in use could be interpreted as support for how firmly embedded cell phones are as an emerging social interaction vehicle. …could build on these specific results by gathering information about personal experience – do individuals violate their own social etiquette rules how often do they experience rude cell phone behavior and what do they do about it.””The advantages of mobile phone contact should be acknowledged…””There appears to be at least a mild emotional attachment to ones cell phone perhaps because this has become the primary connection young adults have to their social group. Computers in Human BehaviorJournal of Safety ResearchJournal of Community Health