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Chapter 1-1

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Chapter 1-2

Part 1

FOUNDATIONS
FOR SERVICES
MARKETING

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Chapter 1-3

Introduction to Services

What are Services?
Why Service Marketing?
Service and Technology
Characteristics of Services
Service Marketing Mix
Staying Focused on the Customer

Chapter
1

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Chapter 1-4

Objectives for Chapter 1:
Introduction to Services
 Explain what services are and identify important trends in services.

 Explain the need for special service marketing concepts and
practices and why the need has developed and is accelerating.

 Explore the profound impact of technology on service.

 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the
resulting challenges and opportunities for service businesses.

 Introduce the expanded marketing mix for services and the
philosophy of customer focus as powerful frameworks and themes
that are fundamental to the rest of the text.

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Chapter 1-5

What are Services?

Services are deeds, processes, and
performances provided, coproduced, or
cocreated by one entity or person for and/or
with another entity or person.

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Chapter 1-6

Examples of Service Industries
 Health Care
 hospital, medical practice, dentistry, eye care

 Professional Services
 accounting, legal, architectural

 Financial Services
 banking, investment advising, insurance

 Hospitality
 restaurant, hotel/motel, bed & breakfast
 ski resort, rafting

 Travel
 airline, travel agency, theme park

 Others
 hair styling, pest control, plumbing, lawn maintenance, counseling services,

health club, interior design

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Chapter 1-7

Contributions of Service Industries to U.S.
Gross Domestic Product (Figure 1.1)

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Chapter 1-8

Tangibility Spectrum (Figure 1.2)

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Chapter 1-9

Why Service Marketing?

Services dominate U.S. and worldwide
economies
Service as a business imperative in goods-

focused businesses
Deregulated industries and professional

service needs
Service marketing is different
Service leads to profits

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Chapter 1-10

Percent of U.S. Labor Force by Industry
(Figure 1.3)

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Chapter 1-11

Percent of U.S. Gross Domestic Product
by Industry (Figure 1.4)

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Chapter 1-12Goods Companies Expanding into
Services

Caterpillar
GE
IB
PetSmart
Procter & Gamble
Xerox

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Chapter 1-13

Service and Technology

Technology…
 Is the foundation of many service offerings
 Provides new ways to deliver service
 Enables both customers and employees.
 Extends the global reach of services
The Internet is a service!
Some outcomes may be negative.

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Chapter 1-14

Characteristics of Services
Compared to Goods

Intangibility

Perishability
Simultaneous

Production
and

Consumption

Heterogeneity

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Chapter 1-15

Comparing Goods and Services
(Table 1.1)

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Chapter 1-16

Implications of Intangibility

Services cannot be inventoried

Services cannot be easily patented

Services cannot be readily displayed or
communicated

Pricing is difficult

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Chapter 1-17

Implications of Heterogeneity

Service delivery and customer satisfaction
depend on employee and customer actions

Service quality depends on many
uncontrollable factors

There is no sure knowledge that the service
delivered matches what was planned and
promoted

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Chapter 1-18

Implications of Simultaneous
Production and Consumption
Customers participate in and affect the

transaction

Customers affect each other

Employees affect the service outcome

Decentralization may be essential

Mass production is difficult

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Chapter 1-19

Implications of Perishability

It is difficult to synchronize supply and
demand with services

Services cannot be returned or resold

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Chapter 1-20

Search, Experience, and Credence
Qualities (Figure 1.5)

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Chapter 1-21

Challenges and Questions for Service
Marketers
 Defining and improving quality
 Designing and testing new services
 Communicating and maintaining a consistent image
 Accommodating fluctuating demand
 Motivating and sustaining employee commitment
 Setting prices
 Organizing to facilitate strategic and tactical decision-

making
 Finding a balance between standardization and

personalization
 Protecting new service concepts from competitors
 Communicating quality and value to customers
 Ensuring the delivery of consistent quality service

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Jerome
The are 3 main reasons why our program is focusing on services.
It provides a higher profit margin than tangible products,
Increases satisfaction and retention,
Provides a competitive advantage over others.

I am going to use two examples to illustrate these points.

The automotive industry has typically been perceived as a manufacturing industry. However,
after-sale services and parts account for nearly 80% of all revenue opportunities, and more than 50% of the average automobile dealer’s profits
It is by far the largest creator of shareholder value on a percentage basis. A GM study revealed that $9 billion in after sale revenue produced $2 billion in profits (22% margin). Profits from $150 billion car sales were much lower.
JD Power and Associates published a report showing a strong correlation between customer satisfaction with after-sale services and customer intent to repurchase the same brand (Lexus and Saturn cars)
Hyundai’s success is due largely to its differentiation strategy of offering 10 year – 100,000 mile guarantee. The service offering is changing customer’s perception of the brand

The same can be said about the personal computer industry.
With the advancement of technology, personal computers are now becoming more and more of a commodity. While 25% of revenue opportunities are in the initial sale, most revenue opportunities are from after-sale.
Company responsiveness to customer calls is the biggest driver customer satisfaction with its product.
Dell revolutionized the industry by being the first to offer mass customization of personal computers.

————————-
Across manufacturing companies, after-sale services and parts contributes about 25% of total revenue, and 40%-50% of all profits
Services related revenue exceeds first-time product sales by 500% – 2000%
Retail industry derive largest margins from sale of extended warranties
It is a program that is designed in response to a business environment that is increasingly moving away from a product orientation to a service-focus
GE, IBM other good examples.

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Chapter 1-22

Traditional Marketing Mix

Elements an organization controls that can
be used to satisfy or communicate with
customers:
 Product
 Price
 Place
 Promotion

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Chapter 1-23

Expanded Mix for Services –
The 7 Ps
The 4 Ps plus…

People
All human actors who play a part in service delivery and thus influence
the er’s perceptions: namely, the firm’s personnel, the customer,
and other customers in the service environment.

Physical Evidence
The environment in which the service is delivered and where the firm
and customer interact, and any tangible components that facilitate
performance or communication of the service.

Process
The actual procedures, mechanisms, and flow of activities by which
the service is delivered—the service delivery and operating systems.

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Chapter 1-24

Expanded Marketing Mix for Services
(Table 1.2)

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Chapter 1-25

Customer Focus: A Critical Theme

 All strategies should be developed with an eye on
the customer
 All implementations should be carried out with an

understanding of their impact on the customer.
 All decisions regarding new services,

communications, operations, and human
resources should integrate the customer’

Slide Number 1
Slide Number 2
Introduction to Services
Objectives for Chapter 1:�Introduction to Services
What are Services?
Examples of Service Industries
Contributions of Service Industries to U.S. Gross Domestic Product (Figure 1.1)
Tangibility Spectrum (Figure 1.2)
Why Service Marketing?
Percent of U.S. Labor Force by Industry (Figure 1.3)
Percent of U.S. Gross Domestic Product by Industry (Figure 1.4)
Goods Companies Expanding into Services
Service and Technology
Characteristics of Services�Compared to Goods
Comparing Goods and Services (Table 1.1)
Implications of Intangibility
Implications of Heterogeneity
Implications of Simultaneous Production and Consumption
Implications of Perishability
Search, Experience, and Credence Qualities (Figure 1.5)
Challenges and Questions for Service Marketers
Traditional Marketing Mix
Expanded Mix for Services –�The 7 Ps
Expanded Marketing Mix for Services (Table 1.2)
Customer Focus: A Critical Theme