1. According to Plato, what is it that constitutes the identity of a given physical object? Apply this to the example of a green plastic water bottle. What is it, according to Plato (what constitutes its identity?) Explain how Plato’s theory attempts to solve the paradox of identity through change and explains BOTH the identity of given physical object over time, AND the change over time, in terms of his theory of Forms. Apply Plato’s theory to the following specific example of change: an empty water glass falls off a table and shatters. Be sure to explain this as Plato would have us do–he thinks there IS identity through this change. Explain it and the change in terms of Plato’s theory of Forms.(300 words)
2.Explain the Allegory of the Cave from Plato’s Republic. What is the prisoner’s escape from the cave an allegory (symbol) of? What does the process of escaping the cave represent? Why does the darkness of the cave’s interior represent, and what does the light outside the cave represent? How does the prisoner’s journey out of the cave relate to Plaoto’s metaphysical theory of Forms? What role do the Forms have in the prisoner’s process of learning about reality? Why is the process of escaping the cave represented as a struggle?(300 words)
3.Explain what Aristotle means, in general, by the idea of Primary Substances. In general, what does he mean by Secondary Substances? Explain what Aristotle means by saying Secondary Substances are defining predicates. What does he insist defining predicates tell you about a Primary Substance, that other predicates do not tell you? In general, what does he mean by non-defining predicates? Which of these three is most independent (i.e. most real) according to Aristotle? Using the following examples, state what the Primary Substance is, what the Secondary Substance is, and what the Non-defining predicate is: Example 1: A red car. Example 2: A six-foot tall human. Note: Do not discuss the Paradox of Identity Through Change or the two interpretations of Aristotle’s philosophy with respect to it. (300 words)
4.Explain Interpretation B of Aristotle’s solution to the Paradox of Identity Through Change. According to Interpretation B, what explains the maintenance of Identity (Primary Substance? Secondary Substance? Non-Defining Predicates? Some combination of those?)? According to Interpretation B, what explains change (Primary Substance? Secondary Substance? Non-Defining Predicates? Some combination of those?) Support your answer with quotation from the text, and explain how the quote supports your answer. Apply Interpretation B to the following example: A blue car becomes red. Be sure to explain what the Primary Substance is, what the Secondary Substance is, and what Non-Defining Predicates are involved. Explain how this is meant to show that identity is maintained even though change occurs. (300 words)
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