The endosymbiosis theory and its significance in Botany

What makes a plant a plant? List 4 criteria

What are the major extant (currently living) groups of land plants?

What is the endosymbiosis theory, and what is its significance to the forms of life that currently exist? What are primary and secondary endosymbiosis?

What are plasmodesmata? Where are they located and how many per cell on average?

Where are protists found? What are their important, beneficial ecological roles?

There are three types of protists. What are the three types of features used for physical motion through space seen displayed here? What special feature in some protists is used to react to light?

What is a theory and how something become a theory?

DNA replication in eukaryotes is semiconservative. What does this mean about the original strand? What about the new strands? Please explain.

In which phase of the Cell Cycle does division take place?

What is LUCA?

Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells: comparative size? nucleus? organelles? examples of?

What is happening in general during Interphase?

Explain what homologous chromosomes are.

What is the process of science, what are scientists trying to do?

What is matter? Explain what makes up an atom vs a molecule vs the elements found in nature.

Scientific theory vs “theory” of popular culture, define scientific theory and compare it to the general use term of “theory” what is different?

Explain the 3 major bonds (covalent, ionic, hydrogen): how are they formed & what are their relative strengths?

What four properties of water make it a unique substance and important to allowing life to exist on this planet? – explain and use examples.

Two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. Briefly compare and contrast their components and structure

Are most cells able to seen by your eyes alone? Are cells usually opaque or transparent?

What happens to water molecules in freezing conditions? What happens to water molecules at room temperature? What happens to water molecules at very hot temperatures?

Why do proteins interact with each other and other molecules, what kinds of things do they do?

What are the components of a nucleotide?

What is the unified cell theory? Name its three basic assumptions and identify what those assumptions are based off of.

Why are lipids so important to life, what do they provide on a structural and metabolic level? Do lipids have smaller subunits in their structure?

Why are carbohydrates so important to plants? What purpose do they serve in metabolism as well as structurally? Do carbohydrates have subunits? What are examples of larger carbohydrate molecules?

Why is the nucleus so important? Why would you want that area of the cell closed off from the rest of the cell?

What do we think is the origin of Chloroplast and Mitochondrion organelles? What evidence is there for this?

Why is the cellular membrane called a “fluid mosaic”? What are the main molecules that make up the membrane and what property of these molecules allows all the cell contents to stay inside and keeps out the things that don’t belong inside?

Nucleosomes: what are they, where are they found, what role do they serve and what components make them up?