W3Chapt11Slides.pptx

Adolescent Health
Chapter 11

Chapter 11: Adolescent health
1

Importance of Adolescent HEalth
There are 1.2 billion adolescents in the world.
90% live in LAMI countries.
Important because:
Adolescent make up an important share of the population.
The burden of disease for adolescents is a unique one and needs to be addressed direction (e.g. sexuality and reproductive health, mental health, violence, road safety.)
Adolescence is a period during which health behaviors are set.

There are 1.2 billion adolescents in the world.
2

MDGs and adolescence
What progress has been made on MDG 5?
Progress towards MDG 5 on maternal health is monitored through achievement of two targets and their associated indicators. The monitoring framework for MDG 5 was revised following the review of progress at the 2005 World Summit, with one new target and four new indicators . The current situation on the range of indicators defined to monitor progress shows that accelerated action is needed to achieve MDG 5.

Source: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/maternal/mdg/en/

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were set at the 2000 Millennium Summit to accelerate global progress in development. Sexual and reproductive health is a prerequisite of all goals, particularly those related to gender and health. The most direct link is with MDG 5 of improving maternal health. Progress towards MDG 5 is monitored through achievement of two targets and their associated indicators for monitoring under MDG 5.

3

Mortality rates
Mortality rates are low in adolescents compared with other age groups. The rates have declined in the past decade, although the decline has been slight, especially among 10–14 year olds.
Despite the rates being relatively low, there is still significant mortality during the adolescent years.
In 2012 an estimated 1.3 million adolescents died, down from 1.5 million in 2000.
The mortality rate decreased from 126 to 111 per 100,000 between 2000 and 2012.
Mortality rates dropped in all regions and for all age groups except 15–19 year old males in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Americas regions.
Mortality continued to be highest in the African Region, increasing from 34% to 43% of global mortality in 10-19 year olds between 2000 and 2012.

Source: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/maternal/mdg/en/

Mortality rates are low in adolescents compared with other age groups. The rates have declined in the past decade, although the decline has been slight, especially among 10–14 year olds.
Despite the rates being relatively low, there is still significant mortality during the adolescent years.
4

Leading causes of death
The leading causes of death among adolescents in 2012:
Road injury,
HIV,
Suicide,
Lower respiratory infections, and
Interpersonal violence.

Source: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/maternal/mdg/en/

The leading causes of death among adolescents in 2012 were road injury, HIV, suicide, lower respiratory infections and interpersonal violence.

5

Risk factors
Alcohol use
Unsafe sex
Lack of contraception
Iron deficiency
Illicit drug use
Unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene
Data from the WHO, Health for the World’s Adolescents: A second chance in the second decade. Geneva: WHO; 2014.

The risk factors for communicable diseases that affect adolescents are well known.
6

Consequences of poor adolescent health
These consequences are immense and could include:
Unlikely to have a healthy and productive adulthood.
May fall ill with disease or conditions (e.g. mental health, alcohol, or substance abuse dis s).

These consequences are immense and could include:
Unlikely to have a healthy and productive adulthood.
May fall ill with disease or conditions (e.g. mental health, alcohol, or substance abuse dis s).

7

Interventions
Promote education.
Invest in water, sanitation , and hygiene.
Encourage job creation and productive employment.
Address adolescent health needs.
Reduce the burden of disease through improved licensing requirements for driving.
Keep girls in school longer.
Improve knowledge about reproductive health and family planning.
Enhance access to family planning and maternal health services.
Provide psychosocial support to reduce mental health conditions.

Ways to improve upon adolescent health, include:
Promote education.
Invest in water, sanitation , and hygiene.
Encourage job creation and productive employment.
Address adolescent health needs.
Reduce the burden of disease through improved licensing requirements for driving.
Keep girls in school longer
Improve knowledge about reproductive health and family planning
Enhance access to family planning and maternal health services
Provide psychosocial support to reduce mental health conditions.

8